This chapter presents a historical overview of international cooperation in space during the period of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and to the present days of the Russian Federation. The post-Soviet era and current international cooperation in space are described through interviews with people who were or still are involved in the joint space programs. I asked Dr. Carlo Mirra from EADS/Astrium, who is responsible for the ISS Increment and Mission Integration from European side, Dr. Antonio Verga from ESA who was involved for a number of years in the Foton and Bion cooperative ESA-Roscosmos projects, and Dr. Mark Belakovskiy from the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems (IMPB), which recently completed a successful international experiment for a flight stimulation of mission to Mars – MARS 500, to share their opinions on the cooperation with Russia.